Activation Energy Calculator — calculate activation energy using standard chemistry formulas. Worked example with units.
Adding VAT: Gross = Net × (1 + Rate ÷ 100). The gross (VAT-inclusive) price equals the net price multiplied by one plus the fractional rate. This is the price the consumer pays.
Removing VAT: Net = Gross ÷ (1 + Rate ÷ 100). To reverse-calculate from a VAT-inclusive price, divide by the VAT factor. The VAT amount is then Gross − Net.
Worked example: A UK contractor invoices £1,000 net at 20% VAT. Gross = £1,000 × 1.20 = £1,200. VAT = £200. For a consumer seeing a £120 restaurant bill (inclusive of 20% VAT), the pre-tax amount = £120 ÷ 1.20 = £100; VAT = £20. The effective rate check: £20 ÷ £100 = 20% ✓