Gold Standard Calculator — measure your gold standard impact. Evidence-based formula with reduction tips.
Emissions = Activity data × Emission factor (EF)
Scope 1 examples: Natural gas combustion EF = 0.0531 kg CO₂e/kWh; Diesel = 2.68 kg CO₂e/litre; Petrol = 2.31 kg CO₂e/litre
Scope 2 (location-based): kWh × US grid average EF ≈ 0.386 kg CO₂e/kWh (EPA eGRID 2022 US average)
Business air travel: Short-haul economy ≈ 0.255 kg CO₂e/passenger-km; Long-haul economy ≈ 0.195 kg CO₂e/passenger-km (DEFRA 2023)