True Shooting Calculator — calculate true shooting for training and performance. Evidence-based formula and benchmarks.
True Shooting Percentage (TS%) estimates scoring efficiency by combining two-point shots, three-point shots, and free throws in one denominator. This page opens directly on TS%, so its fields ask for points, field-goal attempts, and free-throw attempts rather than player-efficiency or box-score inputs.
The measure is most useful for a defined player sample: one game, a season, or a clearly labelled stretch. It counts points produced relative to estimated scoring chances, not possessions, shot difficulty, playmaking, defensive work, or the reason a player reached the line.
For complementary basketball scoring context, compare this result with the Effective Field Goal Percentage calculator and Basketball PER Calculator. Effective field goal percentage adjusts for three-point value, while PER summarizes a wider box-score profile.
Use totals from the same competition and time window. If a provider reports per-game averages, do not mix those with season totals in the same calculation.
The default example is a season-style total. Replace it with one consistent record; the displayed percentage changes immediately as the inputs change.
The calculator uses TS% = points ÷ [2 × (field-goal attempts + 0.44 × free-throw attempts)] × 100. The 0.44 term estimates how many free-throw attempts consume a scoring opportunity; it is not a claim that every trip to the line uses exactly 0.44 possessions.
For example, 620 points, 480 field-goal attempts, and 160 free-throw attempts give 620 ÷ [2 × (480 + 70.4)] × 100, or about 56.3%. Keep the unrounded totals until the final display, because rounding attempts or the coefficient first can shift the last decimal.
A larger TS% means more points were scored per estimated shooting opportunity in this sample. It does not say whether the player created those chances, received favourable spacing, faced a particular defence, or scored efficiently under late-clock pressure.
A useful comparison keeps the league, season, role, and sample length visible. A high-volume scorer can have a different TS% from a low-volume finisher without one number explaining the difference. Pair the result with shot volume and role rather than treating the percentage as a complete ranking.
Season totals are generally more stable than a short run of games, but a season can still hide changes in minutes, health, lineup, or shot selection. Save the dates and games included so a later comparison can reproduce the same sample.
The league-average reference shown by many basketball sources changes over time. Use a season-matched baseline rather than treating a single percentage threshold as timeless or universal.
When reviewing a change, separate shot making from opportunity mix. More free throws can lift TS% even when field-goal accuracy is flat, while a change in three-point volume alters how the denominator weights attempts. A small table of points, attempts, and games often explains more than the percentage alone.
A useful record includes minutes, role, and the reason for the comparison. A player returning from injury or moving into a starting lineup may have a different opportunity profile. This calculation can summarize the totals, but it cannot normalize those changes or tell which adjustment caused the result.
For a lineup-level review, calculate each player's sample separately before aggregating. Summing points and attempts across players produces a team rate, while averaging their individual percentages gives every player equal weight regardless of volume. Those are distinct summaries and should be named accordingly.
The example's estimated attempts are 480 + 0.44 × 160 = 550.4. Doubling that denominator produces 1,100.8 shooting units; 620 divided by that value is approximately 0.563. Multiplying by 100 expresses the ratio as a percentage.
The multiplier of two turns a one-point scoring opportunity into a two-point reference scale. This convention is why the result can be higher than field-goal percentage for a player who scores efficiently at the line or from three, without directly counting assists or possessions.
Do not enter field goals made where field-goal attempts are requested. Attempts include misses, and replacing them with makes removes the denominator that represents chances used. Also avoid entering free throws made in the attempts field.
Do not compare a player's TS% directly with a team's points-per-possession figure. The first is a player scoring-efficiency estimate; the second uses team possessions and includes turnovers and other events. They answer related but different questions.
A second frequent error is mixing cumulative points with per-game attempts. Both sides of the ratio must describe the same sample. If points come from 20 games but attempts cover 25, the calculated rate cannot describe either record accurately.
This is a descriptive basketball statistic for analysis and education. It is not a scouting grade, a prediction of future shooting, or evidence that a player caused a team result; context and verified source data remain necessary.